Understanding Varicose Veins: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
December 9, 2024
Varicose veins are a common condition that affect many people, especially as they age. These swollen, twisted veins can be more than just a cosmetic concern — they can also cause discomfort and lead to more serious health issues if left untreated.
What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins occur when the veins become enlarged and twisted, often appearing as bulging, blue or purple lines on the skin’s surface. While most commonly found in the legs and feet, they can develop anywhere in the body. Varicose veins occur when the valves inside the veins, which help blood flow in one direction, become weakened or damaged, causing blood to pool and veins to stretch out of shape.
Common Causes of Varicose Veins
Several factors contribute to the development of varicose veins. These include:
- Genetics: A family history of varicose veins increases your risk.
- Age: As you get older, the wear and tear on the valves in your veins can cause them to weaken, leading to poor blood circulation.
- Gender: Women are more likely to develop varicose veins, in part due to hormonal changes related to pregnancy, menstruation and menopause.
- Pregnancy: Increased blood volume and hormonal changes during pregnancy can put extra pressure on veins.
- Prolonged Standing or Sitting: Occupations or activities that require long periods of standing or sitting can contribute to the development of varicose veins.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put extra pressure on your veins, increasing the risk of developing varicose veins.
Symptoms of Varicose Veins
While some people with varicose veins experience no symptoms, others may experience discomfort or more severe signs.
Common symptoms include:
- Visible Bulging Veins: The most obvious sign is the appearance of swollen, twisting veins beneath the skin.
- Pain or Heaviness in the Legs: Many people with varicose veins feel pain, cramping or a sense of heaviness in their legs, especially after standing for long periods.
- Swelling: Feet and ankles may swell, particularly in the evening.
- Itching or Burning: Some individuals notice itching or a burning sensation around the affected veins.
- Skin Changes: In more advanced cases, skin over varicose veins may become discolored or even ulcerated.
Treatment Options for Varicose Veins
If you have developed varicose veins, there are various treatment options available, ranging from lifestyle changes to medical interventions:
- Lifestyle Changes: Simple steps such as elevating your legs, wearing compression stockings, and staying active can help reduce the discomfort and prevent the condition from worsening.
- Sclerotherapy: A procedure where a solution is injected into the vein can cause it to collapse and fade away.
- Laser Therapy: This non-invasive treatment uses laser energy to close off small varicose veins.
- Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT): A minimally invasive procedure that uses a laser to treat larger veins.
- Surgical Removal: In severe cases, varicose veins may require surgery to remove or tie off the affected veins.
- Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA): This method uses radiofrequency energy to heat and close off varicose veins.
Prevention Tips
While some risk factors, like genetics or age, can’t be avoided, there are ways to reduce your chances of developing varicose veins:
- Stay Active: Regular exercise, particularly walking or cycling, helps improve blood circulation.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Weight loss reduces the pressure on your veins.
- Avoid Long Periods of Standing or Sitting: If your job or lifestyle requires you to stand or sit for long periods, make an effort to take breaks and move around.
- Wear Compression Stockings: These specially designed stockings can improve circulation and help prevent the formation of varicose veins.
When to See a Doctor
If you’re experiencing pain, swelling, or visible veins, it’s a good idea to consult with your doctor. While varicose veins are typically not dangerous, in some cases, they can lead to complications like blood clots, skin ulcers or bleeding. Remember – varicose veins are a common condition that affects millions of people, but with the right treatment and lifestyle changes, they can be managed effectively. Whether you’re experiencing discomfort or simply concerned about the appearance of your veins, there are various options available to help.
If you need treatment for varicose veins, ask your doctor for a referral to our team at TMH Physician Partners, Services by Southern Medical Group – Vascular Surgery.
